Lumbar interbody fusion (IF) is a common procedure to obtain fusion of the spine by replacement of the intervertebral disc with a cage.Optimization of spinal cages is ongoing to reduce complications such as a pseudoarthrosis and subsidence of the cage.IF animal models (primate, dog, pig, goat and sheep) remain important to assess implant effectivit
Abstract The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections.Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway restores anti-virus clearance immune responses, with concomitant reduction in viral load.In a previous report, we s
Introduction and research question: The use of an endoscope in skull base surgery provides a panoramic close-up view over the intracranial structures from multiple angles with excellent illumination, thus permitting greater extent of resection of tumors arising at sellar area, mostly represented by PitNet - Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, with hig
Objectives To examine the use of face mask intervention in mitigating the risk of spreading respiratory infections and whether the effect of face mask intervention differs in different exposure settings and age groups.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.We evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool (ROB2).Data sources